Welcome to the 2^nd issue of 2025 for the Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (PJSSH). PJSSH is an open-access journal for studies in Social Sciences and Humanities published by Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. This issue contains 20 regular articles. The authors of these articles come from different countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia and Thailand. All the papers published in this edition underwent Pertanika’s stringent peer-review process involving a minimum of two reviewers comprising internal as well as external referees.

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Date of Input: 14/05/2025 | Updated: 14/05/2025 | kiranraj