Welcome to the first issue of 2023 for the Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (PJSSH). PJSSH is an open-access journal for studies in Social Sciences and Humanities published by Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. This issue contains 24 articles; one review article and the rest are regular articles. The authors of these articles come from different countries namely China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand and Ukraine. All the papers published in this edition underwent Pertanika’s stringent peer-review process involving a minimum of two reviewers comprising internal as well as external referees.

Date of Input: 20/03/2023 | Updated: 20/03/2023 | marlina_is